Clermont-ferrand : The main city of Auvergne

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Welcome to CLERMONT-FERRAND
an extra service of European City Guide / ECG
eurocityguide.com - europeancityguide.com

Information about CLERMONT-FERRAND CLERMONT-FERRAND lies at the northern tip of the Massif Central. Although its situation is magnificent, almost encircled by the wooded and grassy volcanoes of the Monts-D�mes, it has for over a century been a typical smokestack industrial centre, the home base of Michelin tyres, which makes it a rather incongruous capital for the rustic, even backward province of the Auvergne. Its roots, both as a spa and a communications and trading centre, go back to Roman times. It was just outside the town, on the plateau of Gergovia to the south, that the Gauls under the leadership of Vercing�torix won their only, albeit indecisive, victory against Julius Caesar's invading Romans. In the Middle Ages, the two towns of Clermont and Montferrand were divided by commercial and political rivalry and ruled respectively by a bishop and the count of Auvergne. Louis XIII united them administratively in 1630, but it was not until the rapid industrial expansion of the late nineteenth century that the two really became indistinguishable. Indeed, it was Clermont that took the ascendancy, relegating Montferrand to a suburban backwater. Michelin came into being thanks to the inventions of Charles Mackintosh, the Scotsman of raincoat fame. His niece married �douard Daubr�e, a Clermont sugar manufacturer, and brought with her some ideas about making rubber goods that she had learnt from her uncle. In 1889, the company became Michelin and Co, just in time to catch the development of the automobile and the World War I aircraft industry. The family ruled the town and employed 30,000 of its citizens until the early 1980s, when the industry went into decline. In the years since, the workforce has been halved, causing rippling unemployment throughout Clermont's economy. Many of those who have lost their jobs are Portuguese immigrants, imported over the last forty years to fill the labour vacuum and well integrated with the local population. As in many other traditional industrial towns hit by recession and changing global patterns of trade, Clermont has had to struggle to reorientate itself, turning to service industries and the creation of a university of 34,000 students. Nonetheless, many people have moved elsewhere in search of work, reducing the population by nearly a tenth. The town has changed physically, too, as many of the old factories have been demolished. Despite all of this, the old centre has a surprisingly hip and youthful feel, with pavement bars packed out in the evenings as the boutiques and galleries which have sprung up wind down for the day.

Available Trades in CLERMONT-FERRAND AGRICULTURE, FLORICULTURE, HORTICULTURE, PISCICULT
ALIMENTATION, BOISSONS, KIOSQUE
ARCHITECTE, CR�ATEUR, ING�NIEUR, EXPERT
ART ET LITT�RATURE
ART, ARTISANAT, ANTIQUIT�S
ASSOCIATIONS ET ORGANISATIONS
AUDIO VID�O - VENTE ET SERVICES
BARS, RESTAURANTS, CAF�S, DISCOTH�QUES
B�TAIL, ANIMAUX DOMESTIQUES, V�T�RINAIRES, �QUIPEM
BIJOUTERIE, HORLOGERIE, OPTICIENS
BOULANGERIES ET P�TISSERIES
CHIMIE ET PHARMACIE
COMMERCE, IMPORT-EXPORT, VENTE PAR CORRESPONDANCE
CONSTRUCTION ET MAT�RIAUX
COSM�TIQUES, SALONS DE BEAUT�, SALONS DE COIFFURE
D�CORATEURS DE SPECTACLES, �V�NEMENTIEL, PRODUCTIO
DIVERTISSEMENT, CIN�MAS, RADIO ET T�L�VISION,TH��T
ENSEIGNEMENT, �COLES ET FORMATION
ENVIRONNEMENT ET RECYCLAGE
�DITION, IMPRIMERIE, INDUSTRIE DU PAPIER
�LECTRONIQUE, �LECTROTECHNIQUE
�NERGIE, �LECTRICIT�, GAZ ET EAU, �LECTROM�NAGER
�SOT�RISME
FABRICANTS INDUSTRIELS ET FOURNISSEURS
FOURNITURES ET SERVICES DE BUREAU
GESTION ET CONSEIL, SERVICES COMPTABLES
H�TELS, RESTAURANTS, TRAITEURS, FOURNISSEURS
IMMOBILIER
INDUSTRIE DU M�TAL ET DE L'ACIER
LOGISTIQUE (TRANSPORT, EMBALLAGE ET STOCKAGE)
MAISON ET JARDIN, FOURNISSEURS ET SERVICES
MAISONS DE RETRAITE ET ASSISTANCE M�DICALE
MEUBLES, FOURNISSEURS ET SERVICES
M�CANIQUE, HYDRAULIQUE, PNEUMATIQUE
M�DECINE ALTERNATIVE
M�DECINE, M�DECINE AUXILIAIRE, �QUIPEMENT M�DICAL
MUS�ES, GALERIES D'ART, SALLES DE VENTE
MUSIQUE ET PRODUCTION MUSICALE
ORGANISMES PUBLICS, BIBLIOTH�QUES, ARCHIVES
P�TROCHIMIE, CAOUTCHOUC, MATI�RES PLASTIQUES
PHOTOGRAPHIE, ART GRAPHIQUE, DESIGN
PRESTATAIRES DE SERVICES ET AGENCES
PUBLICIT�, MARKETING, COMMUNICATION
SALLE DE JEUX ET JEUX VID�O
SCIENCE ET RECHERCHE
SERVICES FINANCIERS ET COMMERCIAUX
SERVICES JURIDIQUES
SPORTS, SANT�, LOISIRS
TECHNOLOGIE ET SERVICES TECHNIQUES
TECHNOLOGIES DE L'INFORMATION ET T�L�COMMUNICATION
TEXTILE, CUIR, FOURRURE, ACCESSOIRES
TOURISME ET VOYAGES, LIEUX D'INT�R�T, PARCS ET JAR
VENTE ET SERVICES
VOITURES, MOTOS, V�LOS-VENTE ET SERVICES

FRANCE

Informations g�n�rales
Capitale: Paris
Surface: 547,030 km²
Population: 59,765,983
�l�ctricit�: 220V
Indicatif: +33
Num�ro d'appel d'urgence: 17
Fuseau horaire: GMT +1 heure (+2 heures Mars-Oct)

Langue
Fran�ais, divers patois

Gouvernement
Gouvernement: R�publique

Religion
Religion: Romane Catholique , Protestante, Juive et Musulmane

Sant�
Sant�: T�tanos-Dihpt�rie, M�ningite c�r�bro-spinale, H�patite B et FSME/RSSE

Monnaie
Monnaie: Euro (EUR) 1.00 = 100 cents

Change
Change: EUR 1.00 = USD 1.05 = GBP 0.66 = CHF 1.46

Heures d'ouverture
Heures d'ouverture: du Lundi au Vendredi de 09h00 � 12h00 et de 14h00 � 17h00.

Limites de vitesse
Limites de vitesse: Centre ville: 50 km/h, P�riph�rie: 90 km/h, Voies rapides: 110 km/h, Auto-routes: 130 km/h

Circulation
Circulation: Circulation � droite. Le port de la ceinture de s�curit� est obligatoire.

Permis de conduire
Permis de conduire: Permis de conduire National

Vacances nationales
Vacances nationales: 1er Janvier Nouvel An; lundi de P�ques (variable); Ascension (variable); lundi de Pentec�te (variable), 1er Mai F�te du travail, 8 Mai Victoire de 1945, 14 Juillet F�te nationale, 15 Ao�t Assomption, 1er Novembre Toussaint, 11 Novembre F�te de l'Armistice, 25 D�cembre No�l

Climat
Climat: G�n�ralement hivers froids et �t�s doux, mais hivers doux et �t�s chauds sur la c�te M�diterran�enne o� souffle occasionnellement le mistral, un vent fort froid et sec.

Temp�ratures
Temp�ratures:

	Jan	F�v	Mars	Avr	Mai	Juin	Juil	Ao�t	Sep	Oct	Nov	D�c
T	3	4	7	10	14	17	19	19	16	11	7	4
P	17	14	12	13	13	12	12	13	13	14	15	16
E	64	83	152	185	223	233	231	204	166	122	63	53

T = Temp�ratures moyennes (°C)
P = Pr�cipitations
E = Ensoleillement (heures/mois)

R�seau t�l�phonique
R�seau t�l�phonique: GSM 900 / 1800

GPS
GPS: 46 00 N, 2 00 E

Heures d'ouverture des magasins
Heures d'ouverture des magasins: Centres Commerciaux ouverts de 09h00 � 20.00. La plupart des magasins sont ferm�s entre 12h00 et 14h30. Les alimentations sont ouvertes de 07h00 � 19h00/19.30. Les alimentations (surtout les boulangeries) qui sont ouvertes le dimanche matin, sont ferm�es le lundi. De nombreux magasins sont ferm�s toute la journ�e le lundi ou la demi-journ�e. Les hypermarch�s sont ouverts normalement de 09h00 � 19h00/20h00. parfois m�me jusque 21h00 ou 22h00.

Conversion

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Valeur

Horloge Mondiale

M�t�o

Valencia / Aeropuerto, Spain

Temperature:

26 °C (79 °F) dew-point at: 8 °C (46 °F).

Winds:

Windspeed 2.6 meters per second (5.8 miles per hour) from southeast (130°), varying between east (080°) and south (170°).

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